Explain the concept of weak entity and strong entity.
Database Management System
Computer Science Engineering
593
Chakrika
In the context of database design, entities are objects or things that exist and are distinguishable within a system. The concepts of weak entities and strong entities are used to describe relationships between entities in a relational database model.
Strong Entity: A strong entity is an entity that can exist independently and has a unique identifier, known as a primary key. It can be identified uniquely on its own, without relying on any other entity.
For example, consider a "Customer" entity in a retail system. Each customer can be uniquely identified by their customer ID. The Customer entity is a strong entity because it has its own unique identifier and can exist on its own in the database.
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Weak Entity: A weak entity, on the other hand, is an entity that depends on another entity for its existence. It cannot be uniquely identified by its own attributes alone and requires a relationship with a strong entity to be identified. Weak entities have partial or total key dependencies on strong entities. In other words, a weak entity's primary key includes the primary key of its associated strong entity, in addition to its own attributes. Typically, a weak entity's primary key is a combination of its own attributes and the primary key of the associated strong entity.
For example, consider an "Order Item" entity in an e-commerce system. It cannot exist without being associated with an "Order" entity. The primary key of the Order Item entity may consist of attributes such as the order number and the line number, where the order number is the primary key of the Order entity. The Order Item entity is a weak entity because its existence is dependent on the existence of the associated Order entity.
In summary, a strong entity can exist independently and has its own unique identifier, while a weak entity depends on a strong entity for its existence and has a primary key that includes the primary key of the associated strong entity.
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In database design, the terms "weak entity" and "strong entity" are used to describe the relationship between entities in a database schema. Let me explain each concept along with some examples:
Strong Entity: A strong entity is an entity that exists independently and has a unique identifier, also known as a primary key. It can be stored in a database table on its own, without relying on other entities for its existence. Strong entities have attributes that define their properties. Examples of strong entities include:
Customer: A customer entity can have attributes such as customer ID, name, address, and phone number. It can be identified uniquely using its customer ID.
Employee: An employee entity can have attributes like employee ID, name, position, and department. Its employee ID can serve as the primary key for identification.
Weak Entity: A weak entity is an entity that depends on another entity for its existence. It cannot be uniquely identified using its attributes alone; instead, it relies on a relationship with a strong entity called the owner entity. Weak entities have a partial key, which is a combination of their own attributes and the primary key of the owner entity. Examples of weak entities include:
Order Item: An order item entity represents a line item within an order. It cannot exist without an associated order entity. Its partial key would include the order number from the order entity and a line item number from the item itself.
Invoice Line: An invoice line entity represents a specific line on an invoice. It depends on the invoice entity for its existence and its partial key would include the invoice number and line item number.
In both examples above, the weak entities rely on their respective owner entities (order and invoice) for identification and association. The relationship between a weak entity and its owner entity is typically represented using a foreign key constraint, where the primary key of the owner entity is included as part of the weak entity's primary key.
It's worth noting that the concepts of weak and strong entities are not mutually exclusive. A weak entity can become a strong entity if it gains independence or if the relationship with its owner entity changes.
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